{"id":1147,"date":"2023-08-23T12:15:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T12:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yeni.alpsteel.com.tr\/?page_id=1147"},"modified":"2023-09-05T13:29:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T13:29:30","slug":"yay-celikleri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/yay-celikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Yay \u00c7elikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yay\u0131n, herhangi bir y\u00fck alt\u0131nda elastik alanda \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapabilme ve y\u00fck\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile eski haline gelebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olmas\u0131 istenir. Bu noktada, yay\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemenin yaylanabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Yay \u00e7eli\u011fi de, \u00e7e\u015fitli yaylar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik malzemelerdir.<\/p>

\u00c7elik malzemenin yaylanma yetene\u011fi, elastik \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda enerji depo edebilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu enerji miktar\u0131na, malzemenin yaylanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 denir ve elastik s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ekme e\u011frisinin alt\u0131ndaki alanlar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>

Y\u00fcksek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda ve y\u00fcksek ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eliklerde elastik mod\u00fcl s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kimyasal bile\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden hesaplamalarda bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>

Akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, gerilimde bir art\u0131\u015f olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, uzamada belirli bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131n oldu\u011fu noktad\u0131r ve \u00e7elik malzemenin akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kimyasal bile\u015fimi, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem ve so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme ile b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>

Yay \u00e7eliklerinin, y\u00fcksek yaylanma ve akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na, fakat \u015fekillendirilebilecek kadar plastik, \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirme yetene\u011fine sahip olmalar\u0131 istenir.<\/p>

\u00c7elik malzemelerde, y\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlerinin neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7atlak olu\u015fmas\u0131 olay\u0131na, yorulma denir ve y\u00fcklemelerde maksimum gerilme, malzemenin maksimum \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131ndan daha azd\u0131r. Yay elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yapmamalar\u0131n\u0131n, yani k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n nedeni % 90 bu olayd\u0131r. Bu nedenle yay yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik malzemenin yaylanabilme yetene\u011fi kadar, yorulma s\u00fcresinin de \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre yorulma deneyi ile belirlenir, fakat yorulma deneylerinin ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerilmeleri tam belirlenmesi pratikte \u00e7ok zordur.<\/p>

Yorulma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ise, devri y\u00fcklemelerde malzemenin yorularak koptu\u011fu en az gerilme olup, bu gerilmenin alt\u0131ndaki y\u00fcklemelerde malzemelerde malzeme g\u00fcvenli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r (\u015eekil2). Yorulma \u00e7atlamas\u0131, genellikle bir curuf inkluzyonu (kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131) veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 keskin pervaz yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 gibi, malzeme i\u00e7erisindeki gerilim art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan olu\u015fur.<\/p>

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00e7atlak yava\u015f ilerler, fakat ilerleme h\u0131z\u0131 kademeli olarak artar. Bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalma durumunda, \u00e7atlak y\u00fczeyi a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdesindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkalar\u0131 gibi i\u015faretler g\u00f6sterir. Bu i\u015faretler, literat\u00fcrde \u2018\u2019clam shell\u2019\u2019 veya \u2018\u2019durdurma \u00e7izgiler\u2019\u2019 diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00c7atla\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve par\u00e7an\u0131n y\u00fcklenmesindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sonucu \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131n geni\u015flemesinin durmas\u0131 bu \u00e7izgilerle g\u00f6zlenebilir.<\/p>

Karbon \u00e7eliklerinin kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda eritme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri yay \u00e7eli\u011fine ilave edilir ve bu elementler \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, sertli\u011fini ve toklu\u011funu art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>

Kimyasal Bile\u015fimin Yay \u00c7eliklerinin \u00d6zelliklerine Etkileri:<\/strong><\/h5>

Silisyum:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7eli\u011fin s\u00fcneklik ve toklu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeksizin \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r. Bu element \u00e7eli\u011fin s\u0131cak i\u015flemesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve tufalenmeyi \u00f6nlerken, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fczey karbonsuzla\u015fmas\u0131 e\u011filimini art\u0131r\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem, kontroll\u00fc amosfer ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Mangan:<\/strong>\u00a0Yay \u00e7eliklerine mangan ilavesi, ingot d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, mangan i\u00e7ermeyen yay \u00e7eliklerinde d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyde, k\u0131sa bir mesafede sertle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen, merkez yumu\u015fak kal\u0131r. Bu element, \u00e7eli\u011fin haddelenmesini, d\u00f6v\u00fclmesini ve \u00e7ekilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u0131zl\u0131 ve derinlemesine sertle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu derinlemesine sertle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu derinlemesine sertle\u015fme \u00f6zelli\u011finin yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilmek i\u00e7in su verme i\u015flemi ya\u011fda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Krom:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu elementin ilavesi ile \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131, sertlik ve tokluk artarken, karbon ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r, \u00e7eli\u011fin asit ve alkalilere kar\u015f\u0131 direnci artar. Krom, manganda oldu\u011fu gibi sertlik derinli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131rken, sertle\u015fme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltir. Paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerde ise korozyonun \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>

Vanadyum:<\/strong>\u00a0Bu elementin ilave edilmesi ile \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131, toklu\u011fu ve darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemeti artar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda tane b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kontrol edilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu \u00f6zelliklerle de y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yaylarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

Molibden:<\/strong>\u00a0Krom gibi sertli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r ve su verilme i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Molibden \u00e7eli\u011fin toklu\u011funu art\u0131r\u0131rken, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda i\u015flenme \u00f6zelli\u011fi sa\u011flar.<\/p>

Bor:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7eli\u011fe \u00e7ok az miktarda %0,0005-0,003 ilavesiyle sertle\u015febilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi artarken, s\u00fcnekli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015fmez. Y\u00fcksek zorlamalar alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yaylarda borlu \u00e7elikler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.,<\/p>

Tugsten:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c7eli\u011fin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

Nikel:<\/strong>\u00a0Nikel, sertle\u015ftirme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve \u00e7eli\u011fin su yerine ya\u011fda sertle\u015fmesi e\u011filimini art\u0131r\u0131r. Sertle\u015febilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine katk\u0131s\u0131 az olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, a\u015f\u0131nma ve toklu\u011fu art\u0131r\u0131r. Nikel, krom ile birlikte paslanmaz yay \u00e7eliklerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

Fosfor ve K\u00fck\u00fcrt: Yay \u00e7eliklerinde metal olmayan fosfor ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt\u00fcn en aza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kalitesini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Genellikle kaliteli yay \u00e7eliklerinde %0,035 (max) olan fosforun %0,025\u2019e hatta %0,020\u2019den a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, %0,040(max) olan k\u00fck\u00fcrt\u00fcn ise %0,025\u2019in alt\u0131na, hatta u\u00e7 uygulamalarda %0,010\u2019dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi istenir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Yay\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yay\u0131n, herhangi bir y\u00fck alt\u0131nda elastik alanda \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapabilme ve y\u00fck\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile eski haline gelebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olmas\u0131 istenir. Bu noktada, yay\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan malzemenin yaylanabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Yay \u00e7eli\u011fi de, \u00e7e\u015fitli yaylar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik malzemelerdir. \u00c7elik malzemenin yaylanma yetene\u011fi, elastik \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda enerji depo edebilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu enerji miktar\u0131na, …<\/p>\n

Yay \u00c7elikleri<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1147","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1147"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2361,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1147\/revisions\/2361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpsteel.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}